【前言】粪便菌群移植治疗除复发性艰难梭菌感染以外的疾病

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Fecal Microbial Transplantation for Diseases Beyond Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection

粪便菌群移植治疗除复发性艰难梭菌感染以外的其他疾病

Not surprisingly, efforts directed at modulating intestinal microbiota for therapeutic purposes have attracted wide attention from the scientific community. This interest in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is not recent—it was described by Ge Hong in 4th century China, who described the oral ingestion of fecal material for treatment of severe diarrhea.In 1958, the American surgeon Ben Eiseman reported that 4 patients with antibiotic-induced diarrhea improved rapidly after administration of fecal enemas.

通过调节肠道微生物群达到治疗目的的努力不出意外地引起科学界的广泛关注。人们对粪便菌群移植（FMT）的兴趣并不是最近才出现——中国4世纪的葛洪描述了口服粪便治疗严重腹泻的情况。1958年，美国外科医生Ben报道了4例患者在经粪便灌肠后迅速改善了抗生素引起的腹泻情况。

However, this field of research was put on hold for more than 50 years—the first controlled randomized trial of FMT for recurrent C difficile–induced colitis was performed by investigators in Amsterdam.FMT is now used worldwide to successfully treat patients with recurrent C difficile infection (CDI) that does not respond to antibiotics. We review the potential for microbiota-based therapies for gastrointestinal disorders, focusing on FMT. For reviews of the clinical effects of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or bacteriophage on the intestinal microbiota, see Gagliardiet al. Research into the human intestinal microbiome and its dysregulation during disease pathogenesis is progressing rapidly. Due to length and topic restriction, we have not addressed all microbiota-associated diseases and excluded interventions in which the microbiota is manipulated with methods other than FMT.

然而，这一研究领域已搁置了50余年-由阿姆斯特丹的研究人员首次进行FMT治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染引起的结肠炎的随机对照试验。目前FMT已在全球范围内成功治疗对经抗生素治疗无效的复发性艰难梭菌感染（CDI）患者。我们回顾了基于微生物的治疗方法在胃肠道疾病上的潜力，尤其是FMT。有关益生菌、益生元、抗生素或噬菌体对肠道微生物群的临床效果的综述，请参阅Gagliardiet al。人类肠道微生物及其在疾病发病机制中失调的研究正在迅速发展。由于长度和主题限制，我们没有解决所有与微生物群相关的疾病，并且排除了FMT以外调控微生物群的干预疗法。

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